Atopic Dermatitis

What it is

Atopic dermatitis, or atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by intense dryness, itching and red patches that flare up, typically in the creases of the arms and knees, on the neck, hands and face. It is linked to a weaker skin barrier and an exaggerated immune response, often associated with rhinitis and asthma. It usually starts in childhood, but many people continue to live with it into adulthood. At Femi Saúde, Dr. Ana Kappes assesses severity, teaches a moisturizing and skin-care routine, identifies factors that trigger flare-ups, and prescribes topical or systemic medications as needed, with the focus on reducing flare-ups and itching.

Most common symptoms

• Intense itching, worse at night
• Very dry, rough skin
• Red patches in the creases of the arms and knees
• Lesions on the neck, hands and face
• Thickened skin in areas that are scratched frequently
• Cracks and infections during more intense flare-ups

Causes and risk factors

• Genetic predisposition and a fragile skin barrier
• Exaggerated immune response of the skin
• Dry or cold weather and hot showers
• Irritating soaps, fabrics and products
• Stress and associated allergies

How it is diagnosed

The diagnosis is clinical and based on the characteristics of the lesions, persistent itching, the typical distribution, and a personal or family history of atopy, such as rhinitis and asthma. The dermatologist assesses the extent and intensity of the condition to guide the choice of treatment. No single test confirms atopic dermatitis on its own, but allergy testing, IgE levels or cultures may be requested in specific situations, such as suspected contact allergy or secondary infection. In atypical lesions, a biopsy helps rule out other conditions.

How we treat it at Femi Saúde

The foundation of treatment is restoring the skin barrier: specific moisturizers applied daily, short, lukewarm showers, and gentle soaps. During flare-ups, corticosteroid or calcineurin-inhibitor creams control inflammation, and antihistamines can help with sleep. Moderate to severe cases now have options such as phototherapy, biologics and JAK inhibitors, which have changed the disease's prognosis. Secondary infections are treated when present. For each stage of life, the dermatology team at Femi Saúde adapts the plan, guides the family or patient on daily care, and monitors the response to reduce how often flare-ups occur.

What we offer