Warts

What it is

Warts are benign lesions caused by different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) that infect the superficial layer of the skin and cause localized growth. They can be common warts, on the hands and fingers, plantar warts, on the soles of the feet, flat warts, on the face, or filiform warts, on the neck and eyelids. They spread through direct contact or contaminated surfaces and can spread to other areas of the same person's body. Although some disappear on their own, many persist for years and cause discomfort due to pain or appearance. At Femi Saúde, Dr. Ana Kappes confirms the diagnosis with dermoscopy and chooses, among cryotherapy, electrocautery and chemical agents, the method best suited to the location and number of lesions.

Most common symptoms

• Rough, raised lesions on the hands or fingers
• Dark dots inside the lesion
• Pain when walking, with warts on the sole of the foot
• Small flat lesions on the face or legs
• Thin, elongated lesions on the neck or eyelids
• Multiple lesions that spread

Causes and risk factors

• Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Direct contact with infected people or contaminated objects
• Small wounds that make it easier for the virus to enter
• Damp environments, such as pools and locker rooms
• Reduced immunity

How it is diagnosed

The diagnosis of warts is clinical, and dermoscopy confirms the typical findings, such as the dark dots corresponding to small thrombosed vessels and the interruption of skin lines. This makes it possible to distinguish plantar warts from calluses, and facial lesions from other benign or suspicious growths. In atypical lesions, those resistant to treatment, or in people with compromised immunity, the dermatologist may recommend a biopsy. Genital warts are evaluated together with gynecology, since they involve HPV types with other implications.

How we treat it at Femi Saúde

There is no single ideal treatment, and the choice depends on the type, location and number of warts. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is the most commonly used option, usually in sessions every two weeks. Electrocautery removes isolated lesions in a single session, and acids such as salicylic or trichloroacetic acid are useful for small lesions or in children. Resistant cases may benefit from topical immunotherapy or other combinations. Since the virus can remain in the skin, recurrences happen and are treated again. In each case, the dermatology team at Femi Saúde determines the method and the interval between sessions.

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