Vitiligo

What it is

Vitiligo is a condition in which the cells that produce skin pigment, melanocytes, are destroyed by an immune system reaction, resulting in white patches with well-defined borders. It can affect any area, with a preference for the hands, face, elbows, knees, armpits, and genital areas, as well as the hair. It is not contagious and poses no danger to physical health, but the emotional and social impact is often significant. At Femi Saúde, Dr. Ana Kappes and the dermatology team confirm the diagnosis, assess whether the disease is active, and propose a plan to stabilize and repigment the lesions, listening closely to each patient's expectations and well-being.

Most common symptoms

• White patches with sharp borders
• Lesions on the hands, face and skin folds
• White hair in the affected areas
• Symmetrical patches on both sides of the body
• Appearance at sites of friction or injury
• Patches enlarging over the months

Causes and risk factors

• Autoimmune reaction against melanocytes
• Genetic and family predisposition
• Oxidative stress in the skin
• Triggers such as burns, friction and stress
• Association with thyroid disorders

How it is diagnosed

Diagnosis is clinical and confirmed by the dermatologist using a Wood's lamp, which highlights areas without pigment and reveals lesions that are still barely visible. The consultation defines the type of vitiligo, its extent, and whether there are signs of activity, such as irregular borders, new patches, or lesions at sites of friction, which guides the urgency and intensity of treatment. Blood tests investigate associated autoimmune conditions, mainly of the thyroid. In doubtful cases, a biopsy distinguishes vitiligo from other causes of light patches, such as fungal infections and pityriasis alba.

How we treat it at Femi Saúde

Treatment is individualized based on the extent, activity, and location of the patches. Immunomodulating creams and ointments and topical corticosteroids are the mainstay for localized lesions; narrowband UVB phototherapy is indicated for more extensive cases and promotes repigmentation. In active, rapidly progressing disease, the dermatology team at Femi Saúde may add oral medications for defined periods. Stable, resistant lesions may be candidates for surgical melanocyte transplant techniques. The response is gradual, and sun protection, camouflage, and emotional support are all part of the care.

What we offer