Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS)

What it is

Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age. Until 2026 it was known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); the new name, adopted by international consensus, reflects the hormonal and metabolic nature of the condition rather than the ovaries alone. It can cause irregular menstrual cycles, acne, excess hair growth, hair loss, weight gain, and difficulty getting pregnant, and it is also associated with metabolic changes such as insulin resistance. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and ultrasound. Treatment is individualized according to each woman's symptoms and goals — regulating the cycle, managing signs of excess male hormones, caring for metabolic health, or planning a pregnancy — and may include lifestyle changes, medication, and multidisciplinary follow-up.

Most common symptoms

• Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
• Persistent acne and oily skin
• Excess hair growth on the face, abdomen and back
• Male-pattern hair loss
• Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
• Difficulty becoming pregnant
• Dark patches of skin on the neck and armpits

Causes and risk factors

• Genetic predisposition and family history of PMOS
• Insulin resistance and excess weight
• Increased androgen production by the ovaries
• Imbalance of the hormones that regulate ovulation
• A sedentary lifestyle and an unbalanced diet

How it is diagnosed

Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs and tests. At the visit, your gynecologist assesses the regularity of the cycle, signs of excess androgens, such as acne and hair growth, weight and family history. Blood tests measure hormones such as testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin, as well as blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile, to assess metabolic health and rule out other causes, such as thyroid disorders. Transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound assesses the appearance of the ovaries and completes the evaluation.

How we treat it at Femi Saúde

Treatment starts from each woman's goals. Lifestyle changes, with a balanced diet and regular physical activity, are the foundation of care and help control weight and insulin resistance. To regulate the cycle and reduce acne and hair growth, the Femi Saúde gynecology team may recommend hormonal contraceptives, progestins or antiandrogens, and, when there is a metabolic change, insulin-sensitizing medications. For those wishing to become pregnant, there are options for ovulation induction and preconception guidance. Multidisciplinary follow-up, with a nutritionist, endocrinologist and psychologist when needed, completes the plan, which is individualized and reviewed periodically.

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