Genital Herpes

What it is

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2). After the first contact, the virus remains in the body and can reappear during periods of low immunity, stress, menstruation or fever. Outbreaks are characterized by small, painful blisters on the vulva, in the vagina or around the anus, which rupture and form sores, often preceded by burning, itching or tingling in the area. Diagnosis is usually clinical and can be confirmed with laboratory tests. Antiviral treatment shortens outbreaks and relieves symptoms; for those with frequent recurrences, suppressive therapy is available to reduce the number of episodes. Photobiomodulation may help with healing and comfort. Pregnant women with a history of herpes receive specific guidance to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby.

Most common symptoms

• Burning, itching or tingling in the genital area before lesions
• Small clustered blisters on the vulva, vagina or around the anus
• Painful sores that form when the blisters rupture
• Pain when urinating
• Swollen lymph nodes in the groin
• Fever, malaise and body aches during the first episode

Causes and risk factors

• Intimate contact with an infected person, even without visible lesions
• Intercourse without a condom
• Virus reactivation during stress or low immunity
• Menstruation, fever and sun exposure as outbreak triggers
• Oral sex with a partner who has cold sores

How it is diagnosed

Diagnosis is usually clinical: your gynecologist listens to your account of when symptoms started, previous episodes and the factors that seem to trigger outbreaks, and examines the lesions on the vulva, vagina and around the anus. When there is doubt or a need for confirmation, samples may be taken from the lesions for laboratory testing, such as PCR testing for the virus, or blood tests may be ordered. Depending on the case, screening for other sexually transmitted infections is also recommended.

How we treat it at Femi Saúde

Outbreaks are treated with oral antivirals, started as soon as possible to shorten the duration of the lesions and relieve symptoms. Pain relievers and local care help with comfort during healing. For those with frequent recurrences, Femi Saúde's gynecology team may recommend suppressive therapy, with continuous antiviral use, which reduces the number of episodes and the chance of transmission. Photobiomodulation may be added, when indicated, to support healing of the sores. The partner receives guidance on prevention, and pregnant women with a history of herpes receive specific follow-up. The plan is individualized according to the frequency and intensity of outbreaks.

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